## Common ground
All options are cooking appliances used for preparing food, but they differ in material, power source, and intended use (household vs. commercial/industrial).
## Options at a glance
**7321.1X – Non-electric, iron/steel, household**
- **Defining trait:** Operates without electricity, using gas or solid fuel (e.g., wood, coal).
- **Typical examples:** Gas stoves, charcoal grills, kerosene cooktops.
- **Best fit when:** No electricity access, outdoor use, or traditional cooking method.
**8108.90 – Titanium, commercial/industrial**
- **Defining trait:** Made of titanium; designed for heavy-duty, non-residential settings.
- **Typical examples:** Industrial fryers, high-temp ovens in restaurants.
- **Best fit when:** High durability, corrosion resistance, or professional kitchen use.
**8419.81 – Electric/gas, commercial/industrial**
- **Defining trait:** Operates via electricity, gas, or heat; intended for non-household use.
- **Typical examples:** Restaurant griddles, industrial steamers, bakery ovens.
- **Best fit when:** High-volume food prep in restaurants or factories.
**8516.60 – Electric, household**
- **Defining trait:** Powered solely by electricity; designed for home kitchens.
- **Typical examples:** Electric stoves, countertop ovens, toaster ovens.
- **Best fit when:** Home use with access to electric power.
## Key differences
| Feature | 7321.1X | 8108.90 | 8419.81 | 8516.60 |
|---------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|
| Power source | Gas/solid fuel | Any | Electric/gas | Electric only |
| Material | Iron/steel | Titanium | Varies | Varies |
| Use case | Household | Commercial/ind. | Commercial/ind. | Household |
## How to choose
- Does it run on gas or solid fuel (not electricity)? → 7321.1X
- Is it made of titanium and used in a restaurant or factory? → 8108.90
- Is it for commercial/industrial use, regardless of power source? → 8419.81
- Is it electric and meant for home kitchens? → 8516.60
## Overlaps & pitfalls
- A titanium appliance used at home could fit both 8108.90 and 8516.60, but **use case** determines the correct code.
- An electric oven in a restaurant fits both 8419.81 and 8516.60; priority should be given to **intended use (commercial vs. household)**.
- If unclear, define the primary function: home cooking → household codes; professional use → commercial/industrial